What are Splenic Tumours in Dogs
Splenic tumours are common in older dogs. The spleen helps store and produce red blood cells, so even non-cancerous tumours can pose a risk if they rupture, leading to serious health issues.
Types of splenic tumours: benign (non-cancerous) tumours - these do not spread but can still cause problems if they rupture; malignant (cancerous) tumours - these can spread to other parts of the body or originate from other tumours.
Written by Dr. Mariella Roberts, Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Trust Vets CIC | Published January 2025 | Review date January 2027 | This advice is for UK pets only
Symptoms of Splenic Tumours
Splenic tumours can be tricky because their symptoms might be vague or absent. Look out for: lethargy, eating less, weakness, collapse and not wanting to stand, pale gums, abdominal such as bloating or swollen abdomen, cold limbs.
When to contact your vet
If your pet is showing any of the above symptoms.
Diagnosis of Splenic Tumours
Your vet may diagnose the condition with the history, clinical exam and diagnostic imaging (X-rays and/or ultrasound) of the abdomen. They may also want to check for fluid in the tummy and do full blood work.
Treatment of Splenic Tumours
Provided the cancer hasn’t spread, surgery is performed to remove the spleen because the body can function without it. If the patient is very sick, your vet might suggest a blood transfusion first. Your vet may want to send a sample of the spleen to the lab to confirm what it is and how likely it is to cause an issue in the future. In some cases, surgery may not be an option for example, if the tumour is aggressive and has spread. Sadly, these pets may be put to sleep.
Prevention of Splenic Tumours
There is no known prevention for splenic tumours, however regular health checks up are important so that any potential tumour can be detected early.
Outlook
It varies depending on the diagnosis of the tumour: benign splenic masses are effectively cured with surgery. Malignant cancers may return and cause problems in other areas of the body.