What is a Luxating Patella in Dogs
Luxating patella is the displacement of the kneecap from its normal position in the groove of the long bone (thigh bone) called the femur, either toward the outside (lateral) or inner side (medial) of the leg.
This condition can lead to pain and discomfort and, if untreated, long-term joint damage.
Causes can be genetic/hereditary or traumatic due to an injury.
It is usually classified into four grades depending on its severity from grade 1 where the kneecap is loose and can be popped back easily into place to grade 4 where the kneecap is dislocated permanently and cannot be pushed back in place.
Written by Dr. Mariella Roberts, Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Trust Vets CIC | Published January 2025 | This advice is for UK pets only
Symptoms of Patella Luxation
Symptoms vary depending on the severity: skipping and hopping on the affected leg for a few seconds | sudden limping | stiffness after resting | difficulty jumping or running | whimpering and in pain when the knee is touched
When to contact your vet
When you notice your dog frequently skipping or limping. If your dog is crying in pain or any redness or swelling in the area.
Diagnosis of Luxating Patella in Dogs
By a physical examination of the affected leg to feel if the kneecap is moving out and taking x-rays to observe the position of the kneecap, the shape of the groove and if any signs of arthritis are present. Also, assessing the grading of the disease to understand the severity of it.
Treatment of Patella Luxation
It can be medical or surgical, depending on the severity of the condition: – Medical treatment (usually for grades 1 & 2) with weight control, physiotherapy and exercise regime to build up muscle tone around the kneecap and the use of anti-inflammatory medications to reduce the pain and the inflammation. – Surgical treatment when there is repeated luxation of the kneecap or severe pain (usually grades 3 & 4) is recommended. Surgery aims to improve the stability and alignment of the kneecap by adjusting the surrounding bone and tissue.
Post-op Advice / Aftercare
Aftercare includes restricted exercise for the first few weeks, painkillers and physiotherapy to strengthen muscles around the joint and regular follow-up appointments to avoid complications.
Outlook
Generally, with prompt treatment and good aftercare, many dogs improve a lot. Early intervention and follow-up care contribute to a successful outcome and reduce greatly the degree of arthritis in the joint.
Breed and Prevention
Most small/toy breeds suffer from this disease, but certain breeds have a higher predisposition: Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier, French Bulldog, Toy Poodle and Boston Terrier. Prevention can start with responsible breeders screening for knee issues and avoiding breeding if there is an issue. Also, weight control and an active, healthy life help to maintain the dog’s joint mobile and healthy and avoid strain.
Cost
The higher the severity of the luxating patella the more expensive the treatment is. Pet insurance can cover some or all costs, giving peace of mind for financial support.
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