What is Addison’s Disease

The two essential hormones are:

Glucocorticoids: These are natural steroids, such as cortisol, which help your dog respond to stress, enhance appetite, and support the immune system in fighting infections.

Mineralocorticoids: Including aldosterone, these regulate water and electrolytes in your dog’s body.

‘Atypical’ Addison’s disease is a less common form where only glucocorticoids are insufficient, potentially progressing to typical Addison’s over time. Addison’s disease primarily affects young to middle-aged female dogs, although it can occur in dogs of all ages and genders, including neutered animals.

Certain breeds, like Standard Poodles, Bearded Collies, Great Danes, West Highland White and Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers, are more predisposed to the condition. Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers, are more predisposed to the condition.

Most commonly, the disease results from the immune system damaging the adrenal glands, a condition known as immune-mediated disease. Occasionally, infections invading and killing adrenal gland tissues or cancer spreading to the adrenal glands can also cause Addison’s disease.

Symptoms can develop gradually over months or rapidly over a few days. While signs can be nonspecific, a combination may indicate Addison’s disease. Common symptoms include reduced appetite, lethargy, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and shaking. Severe cases may lead to collapse and shock-like symptoms, known as an ‘Addisonian crisis,’ requiring immediate assistance from an emergency vet.

Initial treatment involves hospitalisation to correct dehydration and salt imbalances. Once stabilised, lifelong treatment with hormone replacement medication is necessary. This includes Zycortal injections given monthly under the skin to replace mineralocorticoids and Prednisolone tablets for daily glucocorticoid replacement.

With proper treatment, dogs with Addison’s disease can lead long and happy lives. Treatment is generally successful and rewarding.

Contact your local Animal Trust surgery immediately if you notice signs of an Addisonian crisis or symptoms of gastric ulceration in your dog. Prompt veterinary attention is crucial in emergencies.